DOLAN DNA Learning Center/CSHL http://www.dnalc.org Join commentators Dave Micklos and Jan Witkowski for a lively discussion of DNA in the news from world-renowned Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory in New York. Join commentators Dave Micklos and Jan Witkowski for a lively discussion of DNA in the news from world renowned Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory in New York. Be the talk of the water cooler with the latest news from the world of biotech. Dave Micklos and Jan Witkowski combine their intimate knowledge of modern research with common sense and a touch of humor to keep you up-to-the-minute with the DNA revolution. Dave is executive director of the Dolan DNA Learning Center, the world’s first science center devoted entirely to genetics education. Jan is executive director of Banbury Center, a think tank for high-level science discussion. EN (c) 2007 Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory DOLAN DNA Learning Center yang@cshl.edu Education Dolan DNA Learning Center/CSHL Scans of the entire human genome turn up genes involved in common diseases. Scans of the entire human genome turn up genes involved in common diseases. A number of recent studies have identified genes involved in common disorders, including obesity, diabetes, and heart disease. Researchers used gene chips to scan hundreds of thousands of DNA variations across thousands of individuals to find changes associated with the disorders. “A Common Variant in the FTO Gene is Associated with Body Mass Index and Predisposes to Childhood and Adult Obesity” by Timothy M. Frayling and others, Science (volume 316), May 11, 2007, pages 889-894. “A Common Allele on Chromosome 9 Associated with Coronary Heart Disease” by Ruth McPherson and others, Sciencexpress May 3, 2007 (published online 10.1126/science.1142447). “A Common Variant on Chromosome 9p21 Affects the Risk of Myocardial Infarction” by Anna Helgodottir and others, Sciencexpress May 3, 2007 (published online 10.1126/science.1142842). . “Genome-Wide Association Analysis Identifies Loci for Type 2 Diabetes and Triglyceride Levels” by Diabetes Genetics Initiative of Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Lund Unive http://www.dnalc.org/ddnalc/dna_today/video/genome.mp4 Fri, 18 May 2007 12:00:00 GMT no 00:03:28 Whole genome association, genome wide association, single nucleotide polymorphisms, SNPs, chromosomes , gene chip, microarray, diabetes, obesity, prostate cancer, coronary heart disease, DNA, FTO, body mass index, BMI, DNALC, CSHL, Micklos, Witkowski, Dolan DNA Learning Center, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Dolan DNA Learning Center/CSHL Scans of the entire human genome turn up genes involved in common diseases. Scans of the entire human genome turn up genes involved in common diseases. A number of recent studies have identified genes involved in common disorders, including obesity, diabetes, and heart disease. Researchers used gene chips to scan hundreds of thousands of DNA variations across thousands of individuals to find changes associated with the disorders. “A Common Variant in the FTO Gene is Associated with Body Mass Index and Predisposes to Childhood and Adult Obesity” by Timothy M. Frayling and others, Science (volume 316), May 11, 2007, pages 889-894. “A Common Allele on Chromosome 9 Associated with Coronary Heart Disease” by Ruth McPherson and others, Sciencexpress May 3, 2007 (published online 10.1126/science.1142447). “A Common Variant on Chromosome 9p21 Affects the Risk of Myocardial Infarction” by Anna Helgodottir and others, Sciencexpress May 3, 2007 (published online 10.1126/science.1142842). . “Genome-Wide Association Analysis Identifies Loci for Type 2 Diabetes and Triglyceride Levels” by Diabetes Genetics Initiative of Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Lund Unive http://www.dnalc.org/ddnalc/dna_today/audio/genome.mp3 Fri, 18 May 2007 12:00:00 GMT no 00:03:24 Whole genome association, genome wide association, single nucleotide polymorphisms, SNPs, chromosomes , gene chip, microarray, diabetes, obesity, prostate cancer, coronary heart disease, DNA, FTO, body mass index, BMI, DNALC, CSHL, Micklos, Witkowski, Dolan DNA Learning Center, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Dolan DNA Learning Center/CSHL Marmoset monkeys sometimes father their twin brother's children with DNA they swapped as embryos. Marmoset monkeys sometimes father their twin brother's children with DNA they swapped as embryos. Marmosets are almost always born as fraternal twins; cells exchanged during development produce siblings that are a mixture of one another’s cells. DNA testing showed that about half of male marmosets carry a mixture of sperm cells, and some marmoset babies inherit the DNA types of their uncles. “Germ-line Chimerism and Paternal Care in Marmosets (Cllithrix kuhlii)” by C.N. Ross, J.A. French, and G. Orti, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (volume 104), April 10, 2007, pages 6278-6282. http://www.dnalc.org/ddnalc/dna_today/video/marmoset.mp4 Thu, 3 May 2007 12:00:00 GMT no 00:03:19 chimera, chimeric, marmoset, monkey’s uncle, twins, DNA Today, DNA news, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, CSHL, DNALC, Dolan DNA Learning Center, DNA, Micklos, Witkowski Dolan DNA Learning Center/CSHL Marmoset monkeys sometimes father their twin brother's children with DNA they swapped as embryos. Marmoset monkeys sometimes father their twin brother's children with DNA they swapped as embryos. Marmosets are almost always born as fraternal twins; cells exchanged during development produce siblings that are a mixture of one another’s cells. DNA testing showed that about half of male marmosets carry a mixture of sperm cells, and some marmoset babies inherit the DNA types of their uncles. “Germ-line Chimerism and Paternal Care in Marmosets (Cllithrix kuhlii)” by C.N. Ross, J.A. French, and G. Orti, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (volume 104), April 10, 2007, pages 6278-6282. http://www.dnalc.org/ddnalc/dna_today/audio/marmoset.mp3 Thu, 3 May 2007 12:00:00 GMT no 00:03:13 chimera, chimeric, marmoset, monkey’s uncle, twins, DNA Today, DNA news, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, CSHL, DNALC, Dolan DNA Learning Center, DNA, Micklos, Witkowski Dolan DNA Learning Center/CSHL Size differences between dogs come down to a single change in a single gene. Size differences between dogs come down to a single change in a single gene. All dogs are members of the same species, and each characteristic breed is a result of selective breeding by humans. Now, scientists have found that the extreme differences in dog size – between say a Chihuahua and Great Dane – are largely determined by a single change in a single gene. “A Single IGF1 Allele is a Major Determinant of Small Size in Dogs” by Nathan B. Sutter and others, Science (volume 316), April 6, 2007, pages 112-115. http://www.dnalc.org/ddnalc/dna_today/video/big_dog_little_dog.mp4 Wed, 25 April 2007 12:00:00 GMT no 00:03:00 Insulin-like Growth Factor-1, IGF-1, IGF1, IGF 1, dog size, insulin, genome, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Micklos, Witkowski, dog, CSHL, DNALC, Dolan DNA Learning Center, DNA Dolan DNA Learning Center/CSHL Size differences between dogs come down to a single change in a single gene. Size differences between dogs come down to a single change in a single gene. All dogs are members of the same species, and each characteristic breed is a result of selective breeding by humans. Now, scientists have found that the extreme differences in dog size – between say a Chihuahua and Great Dane – are largely determined by a single change in a single gene. “A Single IGF1 Allele is a Major Determinant of Small Size in Dogs” by Nathan B. Sutter and others, Science (volume 316), April 6, 2007, pages 112-115. http://www.dnalc.org/ddnalc/dna_today/audio/big_dog_little_dog.mp3 Wed, 25 April 2007 12:00:00 GMT no 00:03:00 Insulin-like Growth Factor-1, IGF-1, IGF1, IGF 1, dog size, insulin, genome, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Micklos, Witkowski, dog, CSHL, DNALC, Dolan DNA Learning Center, DNA Dolan DNA Learning Center/CSHL Organic material from a T. rex bone shows that birds are the closest living relatives of dinosaurs. Organic material from a T. rex bone shows that birds are the closest living relatives of dinosaurs. In echoes of Jurassic Park, organic material has for the first time been recovered from a dinosaur fossil. Protein fragments from a 68 million year old T. rex bone most closely match samples from a chicken, providing further evidence of the evolutionary relationship between dinosaurs and birds. “Analyses of Soft Tissue from Tyrannosaurus rex Suggest the Presence of Protein” by Mary Higby Schweitzer and others, Science (volume 316), April 13, 2007, pages 277-280. “Protein Sequences from Mastodon and Tyrannosaurus rex Revealed by Mass Spectrometry by John M. Asara and others, Science (volume 316), April 13, 2007, pages 280-285. http://www.dnalc.org/ddnalc/dna_today/video/Dino_portein.mp4 Fri, 20 April 2007 12:00:00 GMT no 00:03:25 evolution, dinosaur, bird, chicken, Jurassic, T-Rex, Tyrannosaurus, therapod, mass spectrometry, collagen, amino acid, peptide, fossil, protein, Darwin, dino, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, CSHL, DNALC, Dolan DNA Learning Center, DNA, Micklos, Witkowski Dolan DNA Learning Center/CSHL Organic material from a T. rex bone shows that birds are the closest living relatives of dinosaurs. Organic material from a T. rex bone shows that birds are the closest living relatives of dinosaurs. In echoes of Jurassic Park, organic material has for the first time been recovered from a dinosaur fossil. Protein fragments from a 65 million year old T. rex bone most closely match samples from a chicken, providing further evidence of the evolutionary relationship between dinosaurs and birds. “Analyses of Soft Tissue from Tyrannosaurus rex Suggest the Presence of Protein” by Mary Higby Schweitzer and others, Science (volume 316), April 13, 2007, pages 277-280. “Protein Sequences from Mastodon and Tyrannosaurus rex Revealed by Mass Spectrometry by John M. Asara and others, Science (volume 316), April 13, 2007, pages 280-285. http://www.dnalc.org/ddnalc/dna_today/audio/Dino_Protein.mp3 Fri, 20 April 2007 12:00:00 GMT no 00:03:25 evolution, dinosaur, bird, chicken, Jurassic, T-Rex, Tyrannosaurus, therapod, mass spectrometry, collagen, amino acid, peptide, fossil, protein, Darwin, dino, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, CSHL, DNALC, Dolan DNA Learning Center, DNA, Micklos, Witkowski