Doug Hanahan is a professor of biochemistry at UCSF. He refined transformation techniques, and developed the current theories on the mechanisms of DNA uptake.
Keywords:
douglas hanahan, dna transformation, dna uptake, transformation techniques, mandel, biochemistry mechanisms
DNA transformation is a naturally occuring but rare event in which DNA can be transferred into bacteria. In 1970, Morton Mandel and Akiko Higa discovered a way to make E. coli more "competent" for transforming foreign DNA. Their calcium chloride method is
Stanley Cohen and Herbert Boyer inserted the recombinant DNA molecule they created into E. coli bacteria by means of a plasmid, thereby inducing the uptake and expression of a foreign DNA sequence known as "transformation."
In 1944, Avery and MacLeod, and McCarty purified the transforming principle of Fred Griffith's earlier experiment with pneumocossus bacteria. By a process of elimination, these scientists showed that DNA was the factor that caused genetic transformation.