Professor James Potash explains that bipolar disorder is episodic: people get ill, then they get well again and then the illness may come back again at a later date.
Transcript:
Bipolar Disorder is an illness that was once referred to as manic depressive illness, and those two things are more or less the same. Bipolar refers to the two different poles of mood, the high pole and the low pole; the low pole being depression, and the high pole being at its extreme mania, and then a milder version of that is called hypomania. If you have mania you have bipolar type I disorder, and if you have hypomania you have bipolar type II disorder. Bipolar disorder differs from schizophrenia in that typically it’s what we refer to as an episodic illness; meaning that people get ill, then they get well again and then the illness may come back again at a later date. Typically with schizophrenia you have the onset of illness and you never really get back to being yourself again.
Professor James Potash discusses studies that show reductions in hippocampal volume in people with depression and abnormalities in cingulate areas in patients with bipolar disorder.
Professor James Potash likens mania to volume on a stereo. When people are hypomanic, everything is turned up a little, there is more energy. If volume is too high, it becomes painful.